GHK-Cu (copper peptide) is a naturally occurring tripeptide with high affinity for copper ions. Research focuses on skin regeneration, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects, and gene expression modulation.
Topical vs Systemic Dosing
Topical: 0.1–2% concentration in carrier solution, applied 1–2x daily to target skin areas. Subcutaneous: 1–2 mg per injection, 2–3x per week is referenced in some preclinical research contexts; however, systemic or injectable use is not established in human randomized controlled trials. Topical application is the only route with published human evidence.
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu modulates over 4,000 genes, including upregulation of collagen, elastin, and decorin synthesis, and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. It also activates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cellular cleanup.
Research Applications
Skin research: wound healing acceleration, collagen density improvement, reduction of fine lines. Systemic research: anti-inflammatory effects, lung tissue repair (COPD models), nerve regeneration.