The Definitive Peptide Research Reference Guide — Compound Review

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SS-31 vs MOTS-c

SS-31 vs MOTS-c: two mitochondria-targeted peptides with different mechanisms. SS-31 protects cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane; MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide that activates AMPK and metabolic pathways.

Mechanism Comparison

SS-31 (Elamipretide): binds cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain, reduces ROS production, cardioprotective. MOTS-c: activates AMPK, inhibits folate cycle, promotes glucose uptake, improves insulin sensitivity.

Research Applications

SS-31: cardiac research (HFpEF, ischemia-reperfusion), mitochondrial disease, aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. MOTS-c: metabolic research, insulin sensitivity, exercise performance, longevity.

Combination Protocol

SS-31 and MOTS-c target complementary mitochondrial pathways. SS-31: 5–20 mg/day subcutaneously. MOTS-c: 5–10 mg subcutaneously 2–3x/week. The combination addresses both structural mitochondrial protection (SS-31) and metabolic signaling (MOTS-c).